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How to watch Madrid’s eclipse without putting your eyes at risk
The 12 August solar eclipse has raised expectations in Madrid, but also specialist warnings. Looking directly at the Sun without adequate protection, even for a short time, can cause permanent retinal damage without immediate pain.
The damage is known as solar retinopathy and occurs when radiation affects the cells responsible for central vision. Consequences can include a dark spot, blurred vision, distorted images or difficulty distinguishing details and reading.
The main danger is that the retina has no pain receptors. A person may continue watching the eclipse without noticing discomfort and discover hours later that their vision has been altered. Some injuries improve over time, but others can leave irreversible after-effects.
The only safe way to look directly at the Sun is to use special eclipse glasses that comply with international standard ISO 12312-2. The reference must appear clearly on the product and the filters must be in perfect condition, with no scratches, holes or damaged areas.
Conventional sunglasses do not offer sufficient protection, however dark they are. Nor do X-rays, smoked glass, compact discs, photographic negatives or other homemade methods that can reduce visible light without blocking dangerous radiation.
Binoculars, telescopes and cameras need specific solar filters fitted to the front of the instrument. Eclipse glasses must never be used to look through these devices, as the concentration of light can damage the filter and cause serious injury.
Madrid will be outside the path of totality, so the Sun will never be completely covered within the capital. This means that approved glasses must remain on throughout the observation, even when only a small part of the solar disc remains visible.
Children must observe the phenomenon under an adult’s constant supervision. It is advisable to explain to them beforehand how to put the glasses on, check that they cover the eyes properly and prevent them from looking at the Sun while putting them on or taking them off.
The day can become an unforgettable experience without taking unnecessary risks. Preparing protection in advance, buying it from reliable establishments and following the instructions will make it possible to enjoy the eclipse without a few seconds of curiosity leaving an injury for life.