The new LEZs arrive in Baix Llobregat, but many residents will not pay fines until 2030

The measure will limit access for vehicles without an environmental label, although with one important difference: residents will have more leeway. Some municipalities will delay fines until 2028 or even 2030 for registered residents, seeking to reduce the immediate impact on the local population.

The councils justify this decision with a problem that remains unresolved: the lack of genuine public transport alternatives. Many areas still depend on cars for daily journeys, especially near infrastructure such as the A-2 or the B-23.

The model follows the lead of other metropolitan cities that have already opted for similar moratoriums. The aim is to apply the restrictions without creating a major social clash in municipalities where replacing a vehicle is not an easy option for many families.

But the timetable will continue to tighten. January 2028 will mark another major change, with the future extension of restrictions to cars with a B label, something that will affect a huge share of the metropolitan area's vehicle fleet.

The ZBEs have reduced pollution in Barcelona, but their expansion opens up new challenges. Travel between municipalities, coordination of rules and improvements to public transport will be key to making the transition work without disrupting the daily routine of thousands of residents.